A systematic review of the prevalence and influence factors of hypertension among HIV-infected individuals / 上海预防医学

With the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy （cART）， the life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals is increasing. As the result， more HIV-infected individuals are facing several chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases （CVD）. Hypertension is one of the most important traditional CVD risk factors in HIV-infected individuals. It is of importance to make effective prevention and treatment of hypertension to decrease the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease. In this paper， a literature retrieval was conducted by using PubMed， CNKI， WANFANG and VIP databases for studies on the influence factors and prevalence of hypertension in HIV-infected individuals from 2009 to October 2020. Finally， 57 articles were included. This review aims to provide evidence for further research on the influence factors and prevalence of hypertension in HIV-infected individuals.

A systematic review of the prevalence and influence factors of hypertension among HIV-infected individuals / 上海预防医学

With the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy （cART）， the life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals is increasing. As the result， more HIV-infected individuals are facing several chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases （CVD）. Hypertension is one of the most important traditional CVD risk factors in HIV-infected individuals. It is of importance to make effective prevention and treatment of hypertension to decrease the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease. In this paper， a literature retrieval was conducted by using PubMed， CNKI， WANFANG and VIP databases for studies on the influence factors and prevalence of hypertension in HIV-infected individuals from 2009 to October 2020. Finally， 57 articles were included. This review aims to provide evidence for further research on the influence factors and prevalence of hypertension in HIV-infected individuals.

Efficacy of volume-targeted ventilation for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy of volume-targeted ventilation (VTV) for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-two neonates with NRDS between August 2013 and August 2015 were randomly divided into two groups: VTV and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) (n=26 each ). A/C+Vc+ ventilation model was applied in the VTV group, and A/C+PCV ventilation model was applied in the PCV group. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed at 6, 24, and 48 hours after ventilation. The following parameters were observed: time of invasive ventilation, duration of oxygen therapy, mortality, and the incidence rates of hypocapnia, pneumothorax, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), grade III-IV periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH-IVH), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the PCV group, the VTV group had a significantly shorter time of invasive ventilation (P<0.05) and significantly lower incidence rates of hypocapnia, VAP, and PVL (P<0.05); however, there were no significant differences in the duration of oxygen therapy, mortality, and incidence rates of pneumothorax, grade III-IV PVH-IVH, BPD, and ROP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>VTV has a better efficacy than PCV in the treatment of NRDS, and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.</p>

Effect of brain transfection of glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter-containing lentivirus on electroencephalogram activity in mice / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To analyze the effects of injecting glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (pGFAP)-containing lentivirus into mouse hippocampus on electroencephalogram(EEG)activity, and to explore the feasibility of applying the lentivirus in epilepsy study. Methods Astrocytes-specific infection of pGFAP lentivirus was identified in both cultured hippocampal cells and hippocampal slices from mice by immunofluorescence techniques. The mice were divided into two groups: artificial cerebrospinal fluid(ACSF)injection group and pGFAP lentivirus injection group. Changes in mice body weight were analyzed before and after brain injection. Changes of power spectrum and high-frequency oscillations(HFOs)of EEG were analyzed by Spike 2 software 3 to 4 weeks after pGFAP lentivirus injection. Results It was found that:(1)non-neuron cells were selectively infected by pGFAP lentivirus in cultured hippocampal cells;(2)pGFAP lentivirus specifically infected GFAP+cells in dentate gyrus(DG)area of mouse hippocampus;(3)compared with ACSF injection group, mouse body weight had no significant changes 3 to 4 weeks after the virus injection in pGFAP lentivirus injection group; and(4)pGFAP lentivirus injected into DG area of hippocampus had no significant effect on power spectrum, or the number and mean duration of HFOs of EEG. Conclusion It is a feasible strategy to study the function of astrocytes in epilepsy by brain injection of pGFAP lentivirus.

Effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on differentiation of mesencephalic neural stem cells and proliferation of oligodendrocytes in the rat / 生理学报

To observe the influence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on differentiation of rat mesencephalic neural stem cells (NSCs), the numbers of neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes generated from NSCs were analyzed after differentiation for 3 days by using immunocytochemistry technique. The results show that: (1) TNF-alpha enhanced the proportions of neurons and oligodendrocytes in progeny of NSCs; and (2) TNF-alpha induced the proliferation of oligodendrocytes derived from NSCs, but the proliferation of astrocytes was not influenced by TNF-alpha. We conclude that the TNF-alpha could influence the application of NSCs.

Expression of COX-2,Ki-67 and VEGF in bladder transitional epithelial cancers and their significance / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To study COX-2 expression in bladder transitional cell carcinoma in order to explore the relationship between the immunohistochemical staining and biological behavior of bladder cancer. Methods The expression of COX-2,Ki-67,and VEGF was examined in 50 cases of bladder transitional cell carcinoma and 10 normal bladder mucosa by means of immunohistochemical technique.Results The expression of COX-2 in BTCCs was higher than that in normal bladder mucosa.The positive rate of COX-2 was 80% in BTCCs while it was not detected in normal bladder mucosa.COX-2 was highly positively related to the grade,stage and prognosis of tumors.The expression of COX-2 in poorly differentiated,invasive or re- curring BTCCs was higher than that in well differentiated superficial or nonrecurring ones.But there was not significant difference between the solitary tumour and multiple ones.There were positive correlation both be- tween COX-2 and Ki-67 and between COX-2 and VEGF.Conclusion The high expression of COX-2 may benefit increase in bladder cancer cell proliferative activity.VEGF expression in COX-2 positive tumor was significantly higher than that in COX-2 negative tumor.